Brandy: from title 27 "... is an alcoholic distillate from the fermented juice, mash, or wine of fruit, or from the residue thereof, produced at less than 190 proof in such manner that the distillate possesses the taste, aroma, and characteristics generally attributed to the product, and bottled at not less than 80 proof.
Cognac: grape brandy distilled in the Cognac region of France. Primary grape used is Ugni Blanc
Distilled twice using a pot still.
Biggest brands: Hennessy, Courvoisier, Remy Martin, and Martell
Armagnac: grape brandy distilled in the Armagnac
Armagnac is distilled only once in a short column still and aged in oak barrels (400 liter)
Calvados: apple or pear brandy made in Normandy. must be aged at least 2yrs. may be distilled in pot or column stills and can be once or twice.
calvados aging: "VS" 2yr, "VO" 4yr, "XO" 6yr
Brandy Age
VS - Very Special. aged at least 2yrs. (also called "3 stars," "selection," "fine" and "luxury")
VSOP - Very Superior Old Pale. aged at least 4 yrs. (also called "old" and "reserve")
Napoleon aged at least 6yrs.
XO - Extra Old. aged at least 10 yrs. (also called "old reserve")
XXO - Extra Extra Old. aged at least 14yrs